home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- From: lippard@uavax0.ccit.arizona.edu (James J. Lippard)
- Date: 19 Jan 92 20:05:00 GMT
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs,misc.legal
- Subject: Re: Drug Forfeiture: What It Is!
-
- The latest issue of _Fortean Times_ (#60, Dec. 1991) lists five cases
- of "DANGEROUS DRINKING" in which people were overcome by water intoxication.
- The first of these cases is most relevant in this newsgroup:
-
- A flight attendant from San Mateo County in California had to take
- a urine test at her job in San Francisco International Airport.
- She clammed up, or, as the doctors would say, she experienced a
- condition known as paruresis, "an inability to void in a crowded or
- noisy location" (apparently about 30% of men and 25% of women suffer
- from this).
- She was encouraged to drink as much water as she needed and guzzled
- three litres in three hours. Still she couldn't pee. Hours later, the
- 40-year-old woman staggered into Peninsula Hospital in Burlingame,
- her speech slurred, her thinking fuzzy, unable to perform simple
- multiplication. At first it was thought she was having a stroke;
- but a battery of tests revealed water intoxication as the cause. She was
- placed in a quiet, dark room where she voided three litres. Her
- brain functions returned to normal in 24 hours.
- She was the first drug-test taker known to suffer from this,
- according to Burlingame doctors David Klonoff and Andrew H. Jurow
- reporting in the Journal of the American Medical Association (2 Jan
- 1991). There have been only seven other reported cases of healthy
- people with the dangerous condition, which causes water-logged brain
- cells and a dilution of body minerals. One person died. The
- doctors suggested restricting drug-test takers to one litre of
- water. San Jose Mercury News via Omaha World-Herald, 4 Jan 1991.
-
- =============================================================================
-
- Date: Tue, 11 Jan 1994 16:00:00 LCL
- From: "TOWNSEND, RICHARD E." <TOWNSEND.PHARMACY@PHARMSMTP.BITNET>
- Subject: water intoxication
- Sender: Drug Abuse Education Information and Research <DRUGABUS@UMAB.BITNET>
- Message-id: <01H7K2RRADC28WWBDH@YMIR.Claremont.Edu>
-
- GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING WATER INTOXICATION
-
- --Richard Townsend--
-
- Water intoxication is a state of altered neurological functioning
- produced by a hypotonicity in the central nervous system. It
- results from the excessive intake of water over a short time
- period. The body is unable to remove water from the system as fast
- as it is taken in. There are several symptoms related to water
- intoxication syndrome (WIS). Water intoxication is manifested by
- "restlessness, asthenia, polyuria, frequency of urination,
- diarrhea, salivation, nausea, retching, vomiting, muscle tremor,
- ataxia, convulsions, frothing, stupor, and coma" (1). WIS seems to
- be age independent. WIS has been reported in people as young as
- three months old and in those 50 and older. WIS appears to be
- particularly prevalent in schizophrenic disorders (SD).
-
- It has been found that people suffering from SD drink on the
- average of roughly twice the amount of water as the average
- population(1). The prevalence of high water intake in mental
- facilities is 6.6%-17.5% higher than the norm. Over 70% of these
- people suffer from SD. There seems to be a direct link between
- water intake and an increase in the activity of the dopaminergic
- system. Thus in these patients, drinking excessive amounts of
- water would result in the reward of endogenous opioids being
- released in the brain(2). It basically puts them on a high. There
- has been a study by Tadashi Nishikawa that shows promising results
- of reducing WIS by incorporation of the drug Naloxone(2).
-
- WIS has also been found to be linked with alcoholism. During
- periods of prolonged high blood alcohol levels, the body begins to
- retain its water. Over time the body adapts this state semi-
- permanently(3). Thus an alcoholic has a consistently low water
- output. Patients who were characterized with "beer potomania" had
- both a history of high chronic alcohol ingestion as well as signs,
- symptoms, and lab results that are consistent with WIS(4).
-
- REFERENCES
-
- 1. Vieweg WVR, David JJ, Rowe WT, et al. Death from self-induced
- water intoxication among patients with schizophrenic
- disorders. J Nerv Mental Disease 1985;173(3):161-5.
-
- 2. Nishikawa T, Tsuda A, Tanaka M, Nishikawa M, Koga I, Uchida Y.
- Naloxone attenuates drinking behavior in a schizophrenic
- patient displaying self-induced water intoxication. Clinical
- Neuropharmacology 1992 Aug;15(4):310-4.
-
- 3. Ragland G. Electrolyte abnormalities in the alcoholic patient.
- Emerg Med Clin North Am 1990;8(4):761-73.
-
- 4. Harrow AS. Beer potomania syndrome in an alcoholic. Va Med
- 1989;116(6):270-1.
-